************************************************************
75.  Emissions of nitrogen oxide gases during aerobic treatment
of animal slurries.
Burton, C. H.; Sneath, R. W.; Farrent, J. W. 

Bioresour-technol. Barking, Essex, England : Elsevier Applied
Science ; New York, NY : Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1991-.
1993.  v. 45 (3) p. 233-235. 
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-slurry; aerobic-treatment; emission-;
nitrogen-oxides
Abstract: Quantities of nitrous oxide, N2O, an important
greenhouse gas, were found in the effluent gases from controlled
continuous aerobic  treatment of pig slurry. Where
nitrifying-denitrifying conditions were encouraged (4-day
treatment time and aeration to a redox potential of -50  mV
Ecal), concentrations of this gas at times exceeded 1500 ppm and
accounted for 19% of the nitrogen lost from the slurry. Smaller 
concentrations of the gas (170 ppm) were found during short
treatments (1.5 days) where nitrifying activity would not be
expected; partial  nitrification is a possible explanation.
Quantities of nitric oxide (NO) (up to 100 ppm), and even small
amounts of NO2, were also found,  suggesting these previously
unquantified nitrogen transformation routes in the traditional
nitrogen cycle exist in aerobic treatment processes.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
************************************************************
76.  Enterobacterial and viral decay experimental models for
anaerobic digestion of piggery waste.
Mateu, A.; Mata Alvarez, J.; Pares, R. 

Appl-Microbiol-Biotech v.38, p.291-296. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-manure; piggery-effluent; anaerobic-digestion;
fecal-coliforms; bacteriophages-; survival-; ammonia-;
volatile-fatty-acids; inactivation-; models-; comparisons-;
coliphages-; lagoon-stabilization; cell-free-synthetic-media
Abstract: A laboratory study was conducted to determine the
effects of the continuous mesophilic anaerobic digestion of raw
pig manure in two  types of enteropathogenic microorganisms,
bacterial and viral. Faecal coliforms (indigenous to pig manure)
and coliphage f2 (ATCC 15766 B1)  were used as a model for some
indigenous enteropathogenic microorganisms. The study was
completed with laboratory survival experiments in  lagoon
stabilization of raw pig manure, for both models. Experiments for
f2 survival in cell-free synthetic medium were also carried out.
The  results show that the anaerobic digestion process is more
effective in eliminating viral than bacterial particles. Some
parameters related to the  ultimate biogas yield and kinetics
were also determined. Lagoon stabilization of raw pig manure
provides a more suitable environment for the  removal of faecal
coliforms than does anaerobic digestion. Finally, it was
concluded that volatile fatty acids appeared to be responsible
for the  elimination of faecal coliforms. The agent that causes
f2 inactivation is not well identified, although in some cases it
could be NH3 that seems  to act as a viricidal agent.
NAL Call No.: QR1.E9
************************************************************
77.  Equipment for application of animal slurry in field
experiments.
Petersen, J. 

J-agric-eng-res v.59, p.97-109. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptor: slurry-spreaders; cattle-slurry; pig-slurry;
experimental-equipment; experimental-plots; band-placement;
soil-injection; slurry-pumps
NAL Call No.: 58.8-J82
************************************************************
78.  Estimated seepage losses from established swine waste
lagoons in the lower coastal plain of North Carolina.
Huffman, R. L.; Westerman, P. W. 

Trans-ASAE v.38, p.449-453. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pigs-; lagoons-; waste-water; seepage-;
coastal-plains; groundwater-; water-pollution; north-carolina
Abstract: Eleven well-established, swine waste lagoon systems in
the lower coastal plain of North Carolina were examined for
evidence of seepage  losses to the superficial aquifer. The sites
were selected to represent three major soil systems in the areas
of North Carolina with the highest  swine populations. Elevated
ammonium concentration was the strongest indicator of seepage.
Estimated seepage losses were small on 45% of  the systems
studied. On the remaining sites, estimates of total nitrogen
export indicated moderate to severe seepage losses. Several of
these  were near surface waters that probably served as discharge
points, minimizing the likelihood of extensive impact on
groundwater quality. No  assessment was made of effect on the
receiving surface waters. There was no apparent relationship
between seepage loss rates and major soil  system or style of
construction. Rather, the dominant factor appeared to be the soil
materials used in construction.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
************************************************************
79.  Estimating lagoon size for swine waste management.
Nordstedt, R. A.; Baldwin, L. B. 

Agric-Eng-Fact-Sheet-Fla-Coop-Ext-Serv. Gainesville, Fla. : The
Service. 1990. (75) 2 p. 
Descriptor: pig-manure; waste-disposal; lagoons-; size-; volume-;
estimation-; florida-
NAL Call No.: S671.A38
************************************************************
80.  Evaluation of denitrification losses by the acetylene
inhibition technique in a permanent ryegrass field (Lolium
perenne L.) fertilized with  animal slurry or ammonium nitrate.
Schwarz, J.; Kapp, M.; Benckiser, G.; Ottow, J. C. G. 

Biol-fertil-soils v.18, p.327-333. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptor: cattle-slurry; pig-slurry; mixtures-;
ammonium-nitrate; denitrification-; dicyandiamide-;
losses-from-soil; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen;
soil-water-content; soil-temperature; lolium-perenne;
permanent-grasslands
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
************************************************************
81.  Evaluation of overland flow treatment for swine lagoon
effluent.
Hawkins, G. L.; Hill, D. T.; Rochester, E. W.; Wood, C. W. 

Trans-ASAE v.38, p.397-402. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pigs-; lagoons-; effluents-; waste-water-treatment;
overland-flow; application-to-land; slopes-; runoff-;
percolation-; leaching-; usa-
Abstract: Overland flow, on slopes of 5 and 11%, was used as a
means of treating wastewater effluent from the second cell of a
swine waste  anaerobic lagoon system. Wastewater samples from
both surface runoff and soil percolate (depths of 0.3, 0.9, and
1.5 m) were collected and  analyzed for TKN-N, NH4-N, ON-N,
NO3-N, pH, COD, K, EC, and TP-P. Using these data, along with the
hydraulic loading rates and  quantitative runoff collection, mass
balances on the above parameters were calculated to determine the
surface treatment of the lagoon effluent.  These mass balances
suggest that overland flow is an excellent treatment system for
liquid lagoon effluents with mass reductions of greater than  60%
for all parameters on both slopes, except NO3-N, which had an
approximate increase of 1.7 times on the 11% slope. Samples
collected  from the three lysimeter depths (soil percolate)
suggest that NO3-N leaching from the plots may be a concern over
an extended period of use.  The runoff from overland flow systems
of this type will require further treatment.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
************************************************************
82.  The evaluation of sawdust swine waste compost on the soil
ecosystem, pollution and vegetable production.
Kao, M. M. 

Water-Sci-Technol-J-Int-Assoc-Water-Pollut-Res-Control v.27,
p.123-131. (1993).
In the series analytic: Appropriate waste management technologies
/ edited by G. Ho and K. Mathew. Proceedings of the International 
Conference, held November 27-28, 1991, Perth, Australia.
Descriptor: composts-; pig-slurry; sawdust-; mixtures-;
soil-pollution; zinc-; copper-; brassica-pekinensis; crop-yield;
taiwan-
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
************************************************************
83.  Evaluation of swine waste composting in vertical reactors.
Lau, A. K.; Liao, P. H.; Lo, K. V. 

J-Environ-Sci-Health-Part-A-Environ-Sci-Eng v.A28, p.761-777.
(1993).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-manure; pig-slurry; composting-; waste-treatment;
moisture-content; height-; temperature-;
particle-size-distribution; shrinkage-; compaction-;
statis-pile-system
NAL Call No.: TD172.J6
************************************************************
84.  Evaluation of the stabilization level of pig organic waste:
influence of humic-like compounds.
Govi, M.; Ciavatta, C.; Sitti, L.; Gessa, C. 

Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26, p.425-439. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-slurry; sludges-; pig-manure; straw-;
composting-; composts-; maturation-; decomposition-;
humification-; humic-acids; fulvic-acids; organic-matter;
isoelectric-focusing; degradation-; degree-of-humification
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
************************************************************
85.  Evaluation of various flocculants for the recovery of algal
biomass grown on pig-waste.
Buelna, G.; Bhattarai, K. K.; De La Noue, J.; Taiganides, E. P. 

Biol-Wastes v.31, p.211-222. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-farming; wastes-; biological-treatment;
chlorella-; ponds-; biomass-production; flocculants-;
sedimentation-; singapore-
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
************************************************************
86.  Exogenous isolation of mobilizing plasmids from polluted
soils and sludges.
Top, E.; Smet, I. de.; Verstraete, W.; Dijkmans, R.; Mergeay, M. 

Appl-environ-microbiol v.60, p.831-839. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptor: polluted-soils; activated-sludge; plasmids-;
genetic-transformation; escherichia-coli; alcaligenes-;
gene-transfer; mating-; agricultural-soils; pig-manure;
sandy-loam-soils; conjugative-plasmids; alcaligenes-eutrophus;
conjugation-
Abstract: Exogenous plasmid isolation was used to assess the
presence of mobilizing plasmids in several soils and activated
sludges.  Triparental  matings were performed with Escherichia
coli (a member of the gamma subgroup of the Proteobacteria) as
the donor of an IncQ plasmid  (pMOL155, containing the heavy
metal resistance genes czc: Co(r), Zn(r), and Cd(r)), Alcaligenes
eutrophus (a member of the beta subgroup of  the Proteobacteria)
as the recipient, and indigenous microorganisms from soil and
sludge samples as helper strains.  We developed an assay to 
assess the plasmid mobilization potential of a soil ecosystem on
the basis of the number of transconjugants obtained after
exogenous isolations.  After inoculation into soil of several
concentrations of a helper strain (E. coli CM120 harboring IncP
[IncP1] mobilizing plasmid RP4), the log  numbers of
transconjugants obtained from exogenous isolations with different
soil samples were a linear function of the log numbers of helper 
strain CM120(RP4) present in the soils.  Four soils were analyzed
for the presence of mobilizing elements, and mobilizing plasmids
were  isolated from two of these soils.  Several sludge samples
from different wastewater treatment plants yielded much higher
numbers of  transconjugants than the soil samples, indicating
that higher numbers of mobilizing strains were present.  The
mobilizing plasmids isolated from  Gent-O sludge and one plasmid
isolated from Eislingen soil hybridized to the repP probe,
whereas the plasmids isolated from Essen soil did not  hybridize
to a large number of rep probes (repFIC, repHI1, repHI2, repL/M,
repN, repP, repT, repU, repW, repX).  This indicates that in
Essen  soil, broad-host-range mobilizing.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
************************************************************
87.  Fate of biological and chemical contaminants from on-site
disposal of liquid piggery wastes: results from a soil column
study.
Lam, K. C.; Ng, S. L.; Neller, R. J. 

Water-Sci-Technol-J-Int-Assoc-Water-Pollut-Res-Control v.27,
p.63-75. (1993).
In the series analytic: Appropriate waste management technologies
/ edited by G. Ho and K. Mathew. Proceedings of the International 
Conference, held November 27-28, 1991, Perth, Australia.
Descriptor: pig-housing; waste-disposal-sites; liquid-wastes;
application-to-land; hong-kong
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
************************************************************
88.  The fate of nitrogen from 15N-labeled straw and green manure
in soil-crop-domestic animal systems.
He, D. Y.; Liao, X. L.; Xing, T. X.; Zhou, W. J.; Fang, Y. J.;
He, L. H. 

Soil-sci v.158, p.65-73. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptor: oryza-sativa; paddy-soils; pigs-; goats-; rice-straw;
green-manures; application-to-land; feeds-; animal-manures;
nitrogen-; recovery-; nutrient-availability; nitrogen-cycle
NAL Call No.: 56.8-So3
************************************************************
89.  Fate of residuals in nitrification-denitrification treatment
of piggery wastewaters.
Germirli, F.; Bortone, G.; Orhon, D.; Tilche, A. 

Bioresour-technol. Barking, Essex, England : Elsevier Applied
Science ; New York, NY : Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1991-.
1993.  v. 45 (3) p. 205-211. 
Includes references.
Descriptor: piggery-effluent; nitrification-; denitrification-;
waste-water-treatment; chemical-oxygen-demand; italy-;
sequencing-batch-reactor
Abstract: A careful appraisal of piggery wastewaters should be
made mainly because of their high content of organic constituents
together with the  nitrogen and stringent effluent limitations
involved. Specific emphasis should be given to the COD of the
wastewater as it contains, aside from a  biodegradable portion, a
residual fraction which persists throughout the treatment
process. Experimental evaluations indicated that the effluent  of
a laboratory-scale SBR contained significant amounts of
non-biodegradable COD. Since SBR was primarily operated to
achieve nitrification- denitrification, a method previously
developed for the assessment of the influent soluble inert COD,
S(I) was modified in a way to reflect the  possible impact of the
nitrification and denitrification processes. The paper also
summarizes the performance of SBR with respect to its nitrogen 
removal potential from piggery wastewaters.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
************************************************************
90.  Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: swine and beef
lot--Location: Delaware County.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U
niversity. Nov 1993. (3077h) 2 p. 
Descriptor: pigs-; beef-cattle; feedlots-; runoff-;
feedlot-wastes; waste-disposal
NAL Call No.: S671.A22
************************************************************
91.  Feedlot runoff control--Demonstration site: swine
lot--location: Pocahontas County.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U
niversity. Dec 1993. (3077k) 2 p. 
Descriptor: pigs-; feedlots-; feedlot-wastes; runoff-;
waste-disposal
NAL Call No.: S671.A22
************************************************************
92.  Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: swine
lot--Marshall County.
Lorimor, J. 

AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U
niversity. Sept 1993. (3077f) 2 p. 
Descriptor: pigs-; feedlots-; feedlot-effluent; feedlot-wastes;
demonstration-farms
NAL Call No.: S671.A22
************************************************************
93.  Feedlot runoff control demonstration site: swine
lot--Pottawattamie County.
Lorimor, J. 

AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State
University. Feb 1994. (3077n) 2 p. 
Descriptor: pig-farming; feedlot-wastes; runoff-;
farm-management; demonstration-farms; iowa-
NAL Call No.: S671.A22
************************************************************
94.  Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: swine
lot--Washington County.
AE. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U
niversity. Sept 1993. (3077e) 2 p. 
Descriptor: pigs-; feedlots-; feedlot-effluent; feedlot-wastes;
waste-disposal; demonstration-farms
NAL Call No.: S671.A22
************************************************************
95.  The fertilizer value of agricultural manure: simple rapid
methods of assessment.
Piccinini, S.; Bortone, G. 

J-Agric-Eng-Res v.49, p.197-208. (1991).
Includes references.
Descriptor: pig-manure; dairy-cattle; cattle-manure;
chemical-analysis; analytical-methods; equations-; accuracy-;
instruments-; italy-
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a series of
analytical tests performed on pig and dairy cattle manure in
order to establish the extent of  the correlation between: dry
matter (TS) and specific gravity (SG); TS and total Kjeldhal
nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (Pt); SG and  TKN and Pt. In
addition, two N-meters for field use were also used to estimate
the ammonium (NH4-H) content. All the variables (TS, SG,  TKN,
Pt, NH4-N) show a high index of correlation for both the pig and
dairy cattle slurry and the linear relations applied proved
adequate in all  cases. Though the precision of the equations is
not very high, the estimate for TKN and Pt content, obtained from
the relationship between the  SG and these elements is
nevertheless acceptable for practical farm use of animal manure.
NAL Call No.: 58.8-J82
************************************************************
96.  Iowa State University. Cooperative Extension Service. First
steps : moving toward sustainability : livestock management
(hogs).  First steps; moving toward sustainability. [Ames, Iowa?]
: Extension, [1990?] 1 videocassette (28 min.) : sd., col..
"Program was prepared with the support of USDA Agreement
88-COOP-1-3523.".
Presents three hog producers who have made changes in their
production methods, based on sustainable agricultural decisions
involving  productivity, high volume, and environmental concerns
and effects. The changes range from a totally pasture farrowing
and finishing process to  a drug-free finishing process to having
hogs pastured on a corn stubble field to provide manure to the
field while they feed off the corn stubble  and fallen cobs.
Videocassette-no.1234.
Swine-/ Swine-farrowing-facilities/ Manure-handling/
Sustainable-agriculture.
************************************************************
97.  Flat bottom gravity drain gutters for swine manure.
Meyer, V. M. 

PM-Iowa-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Ames, Iowa : Iowa State
University, Cooperative Extension Service. Aug 1992. (1377,rev.)
4 p. 
Descriptor: pig-manure; pig-housing; piggery-effluent;
drainage-systems; design-
NAL Call No.: 275.29-IO9PA
************************************************************
98.  Flooring for swine.
Harmon, J. D.; Muehling, A. J. 

Pork industry handbook -- p.1-6. (1993).
Descriptor: pigs-; floors-; floor-type; defecation-; pig-housing;
feet-; lesions-; sanitation-; pig-manure
NAL Call No.: SF395.P62
************************************************************
99.  Fly control on swine.
Williams, R. E. 

E-Purdue-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. West Lafayette, Ind. : The Service.
July 1992. (9,rev.) 2 p. 
In subseries: Livestock Insects.
Descriptor: diptera-; pigs-; insect-control; insecticides-;
spraying-; ovicides-and-larvicides; pig-manure
NAL Call No.: SB844.I6P8
************************************************************
100.    Free and immobilized cultures of Spirulina maxima for
swine waste treatment.
Canizares, R. D.; Dominguez, A. R.; Rivas, L.; Montes, M. C.;
Travieso, L.; Benitez, F. 

Biotechnol-Lett v.15, p.321-326. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptor: spirulina-; pigs-; excreta-; biological-treatment;
immobilization-; ammonium-nitrogen
Abstract: We have analyzed the behavior of Spirulina maxima at
increasing concentration of ammonium nitrogen present in swine
waste when it is  either growing in suspension or immobilized in
polymeric supports. We compared the response of Spirulina maxima
growth to different  concentrations of aeration stabilized swine
waste (total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen) as a way to determine
the treatment efficiency of both  systems. At a dilution of 50%
of swine waste, the suspended system reached the best results for
biomass concentration and nutrient removal. In  the immobilized
system at dilutions of 25 and 50% of swine waste, more than 90%
ammonium nitrogen removal was obtained, and the optimal  cell
concentration for immobilization was 2 g/l (wet basis).
NAL Call No.: QR53.B56
************************************************************