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107.    Identification and biological activity of
germination-inhibiting long-chain fatty acids in animal-waste
composts.
Marambe, B.; Nagaoka, T.; Ando, T. 

Plant-Cell-Physiol. Kyoto, Japanese Society of Plant
Physiologists. June 1993. v. 34 (4) p. 605-612. 
Includes references.
Descriptor: sorghum-bicolor; seed-germination; water-uptake;
atp-; alpha-amylase-; enzyme-activity; long-chain-fatty-acids;
composts-; poultry- droppings; pig-slurry; cattle-dung;
phenolic-compounds
Abstract: Long-chain fatty acids in germination-inhibiting
animal-waste composts were identified by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry as  myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic,
and linolenic acids. These acids were found at concentrations
greater than 0.25 mg (g dry compost)-1.  The identified acids,
together with lauric acid, and five kinds of short- and
medium-chain fatty acid, were tested for their effects on the 
germination process of sorghum seeds. The authentic long-chain
fatty acids, which were dissolved in a 1 : 9 (v/v) mixture of
methanol and  distilled water at 40 mg liter-1, significantly
reduced the alpha-amylase activity, physiological water uptake,
and ATP content of the  germinating seeds during the first 24 h
of imbibition, as well as the rate of germination of seeds. Among
the tested fatty acids, myristic and  palmitic acids were the
most potent inhibitors of germination. The inhibitory effects of
long-chain fatty acids were stronger than those of the  phenolic
acids. The short- and medium-chain fatty acids did not have any
significant germination-inhibitory effects at 40 mg liter-1. The
results  indicate that the long-chain fatty acids are the
dominant inhibitors of germination in animal-waste composts, and
that the inhibition of the alpha- amylase activity in germinating
sorghum seeds is one aspect of the mode of action of these
long-chain fatty acids.
NAL Call No.: 450-P699
************************************************************
108.    The impact of pollution controls on livestock--crop
producers.
Schnitkey, G. D.; Miranda, M. J. 

J-Agric-Resour-Econ v.18, p.25-36. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptor: phosphorus-; runoff-; soil-pollution;
pollution-control; livestock-enterprises; agricultural-land;
crop-production; farmyard-manure; commercial-soil-additives;
environmental-policy; livestock-numbers; application-methods;
returns-; mathematical-models; pig-farming; maize-;
discrete-time,-continuous-space-model; commercial-fertilizers;
application-patterns
NAL Call No.: HD1750.W4
************************************************************
109.    Improved utilisation of slurry nitrogen for arable
cropping.
Smith, K. A.; Chambers, B. J. 

Asp-appl-biol p.127-134. (1992).
In the series analytic: Nitrate and farming systems / edited by
J.R. Archer, K.W.T. Goulding, S.C. Jarvis, C.M. Knott, I. Lord,
S.E.  Ogilvy, J. Orson, K.A. Smith, and B. Wilson.
Descriptor: pig-slurry; cattle-slurry; application-date; spring-;
nitrogen-; nutrient-uptake; cereals-; top-dressings; ammonia-;
volatilization-; england-
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76
************************************************************
110.    In situ inactivation of animal viruses and a coliphage
in nonaerated liquid and semiliquid animal wastes.
Pesaro, F.; Sorg, I.; Metzler, A. 

Appl-environ-microbiol v.61, p.92-97. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptor: bacteriophages-; bovine-parvovirus;
encephalomyocarditis-virus; bovine-herpesvirus; rotavirus-;
bovine-adenovirus; inactivation-; cattle- slurry; cattle-manure;
pig-manure; liquid-manures; risk-; application-to-land;
coliphage-f2; bovine-rotaviurs; bovine-rotavirus
Abstract: The persistence of five animal viruses, representing
picorna-, rota-, parvo-, adeno-, and herpesviruses, and the
coliphage f2 was  determined in the field by exposing the viruses
to different animal wastes and by adopting an established filter
sandwich technique. This  technique allows us to copy the natural
state of viruses in the environment, where adsorption onto or
incorporation into suspended solids may  prolong virus survival.
Using filter sandwiches either equipped with porous (15 nm in
diameter) or poreless polycarbonate (PC) membranes, it  was
possible to differentiate between overall virus inactivation and
the effect of virucidal agents that act through poreless PC
membranes.  Depending on ambient temperature, pH, and type of
animal waste, values for time, in days, required for a 90%
reduction of virus titer varied  widely, ranging from less than 1
week for herpesvirus to more than 6 months for rotavirus. Virus
inactivation progressed substantially faster in  liquid cattle
manure, a mixture of urine and water (pH > 8.0), than in
semiliquid wastes that consisted of mixtures of feces, urine,
water, and  bedding materials (pH < 8.0). Hitherto unidentified
virucidal agents that permeate poreless PC membranes contributed
substantially to the  overall inactivation. On the other hand,
substances that protect rotavirus and possibly other viruses from
inactivation may be present in animal  wastes. Together, the
study showed that viruses contained in manure may persist for
prolonged periods of time if stored under nonaerated  conditions.
At times of land application, this may lead to environmental
contamination with pathogens.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
************************************************************
111.    Inactivation of poliovirus type 1 in mixed human and
swine waste and by bacteria from swine manure.
Deng, M. Y.; Cliver, D. O. 

Appl-Environ-Microbiol v.58, p.2016-2021. (1992).
Includes references.



monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday partyday funday niceday 53A2.2583 53A4.2584 53A5.2585 53A6.2586 53A6.2587 53A8.2588 53A9.2589 53A9.259A 53AA.258A 5412.2692 5413.2693 5414.2694 5415.2695 5415.2696 5417.2697 5418.2698 5419.2699 5421.27A1 5422.27A2 5422.27A3 5424.27A3 5424.27A5 5424.27A6 5427.27A7 5428.27A8 5429.271A 5429.27A9 542A.27AA 5431.2711 5431.2712 5433.2713 5434.2714 5434.2715 5436.2715 5437.2717 5438.2718 5439.2719 5441.2721 5441.2722 5443.2723 5444.2724 5444.2725 5446.2726 5446.2727 5448.2728 5449.2729 5449.273A 544A.272A 5451.2731 5452.2731 5453.2733 5454.2733 5454.2735 5456.2736 5456.2737 5456.2738 5459.2739 5461.2741 5462.2742 5463.2743 5463.2744 5465.2745 5465.2746 5467.2747 5467.2748 5469.2749 546A.274A 5471.2751 5471.2752 5473.2753 5474.2753 5475.2755 5476.2756 5476.2757 5478.2758 5479.2759 547A.275A 5482.2762 5483.2762 5483.2764 5485.2765 5485.2766 5485.2767 5488.2767 5489.2769 5489.277A 548A.2761 548A.276A 5491.2771 5492.2772 5493.2773 5494.2774 5495.2775 5496.2776 5497.2777 5498.2778 5499.2779 54A1.2681 54A1.2682 54A1.2683 54A4.2684 54A5.2685 54A6.2686 54A6.2687 54A8.2688 54A8.2689 54A8.2691 54AA.268A 5512.2792 5512.2793 5514.2794 5514.2795 5516.2796 5517.2797 5517.2798 5519.2799 5522.28A2 5523.28A3 5524.28A4 5524.28A5 5524.28A6 5527.28A7 5527.28A8 5529.2811 5529.281A 5529.28A9 552A.28A1 552A.28AA 5532.2812 5532.2813 5534.2814 5535.2815 5536.2816 5536.2817 5538.2818 5539.2819 5542.2822 5542.2823 5544.2824 5545.2825 5546.2826 5546.2827 5548.2828 5549.2829 5549.283A 554A.2821 554A.282A 5551.2831 5552.2832 5552.2833 5554.2833 5555.2835 5555.2836 5557.2837 5557.2838 5559.2838 5559.284A 5561.2841 5562.2842 5563.2842 5563.2844 5563.2845 5566.2846 5567.2847 5568.2848 5568.2849 5571.2851 5571.2852 5573.2853 5574.2854 5575.2855 5575.2856 5575.2857 5578.2858 5579.2858 557A.285A 5581.2861 5582.2862 5582.2863 5584.2864 5585.2865 5586.2866 5586.2867 5586.2868 5589.2869 558A.286A 5591.2871 5592.2872 5593.2873 5594.2874 5595.2875 5596.2875 5597.2877 5598.2878 5598.2879 559A.287A 55A1.2781 55A1.2782 55A1.2783 55A4.2784 55A5.2785 55A6.2786 55A7.2787 55A8.2788 55A9.2788 55A9.2791 55A9.279A 55AA.278A 5611.2891 5612.2892 5613.2893 5613.2894 5613.2895 5616.2896 5617.2897 5621.29A1 5622.29A2 5623.29A3 5624.29A4 5624.29A5 5624.29A6 5627.29A7 5628.29A8 5628.29A9 562A.29AA 5631.2911 5632.2912 5632.2913 5634.2914 5635.2915 5635.2916 5637.2917 5637.2918 5639.2918 5639.2921 5639.292A 563A.291A 5642.2922 5643.2923 5643.2924 5645.2925 5646.2926 5646.2927 5648.2928 5649.2929 5652.2932 5652.2933 5654.2934 5654.2935 5654.2936 5654.2937 5658.2938 5659.2939 565A.2931 565A.293A 5661.2941 5662.2941 5663.2943 5664.2944 5665.2945 5666.2946 5666.2947 5666.2948 5669.2949 5669.295A 5671.2951 5672.2952 5673.2953 5674.2954 5675.2955 5676.2956 5677.2957 5678.2958 5678.2959 5681.2961 5682.2962 5683.2963 5684.2964 5685.2965 5685.2966 5687.2967 5688.2968 5689.2969 5689.2971 568A.296A 5692.2972 5693.2973 5693.2974 5695.2975 5696.2976 5697.2977 5698.2978 5699.2979 56A1.2881